Recent Advances in Photodegradation of Azo Dyes Using ZnO Semiconductors: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Azo dyes have been a major focus in the textile, dyeing, and other industries; however, their usage has posed environmental problems due to their low stability and potential toxicity to living organisms. Therefore, the development of effective methods for azo dye degradation has become highly crucial. One promising method is photodegradation using ZnO semiconductors, which have shown the ability to decompose azo compounds into less environmentally hazardous products. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the photodegradation of azo dyes using ZnO semiconductors. The review methodology involves the collection and analysis of recent scientific publications discussing the latest research in this field. The findings of this review highlight several significant advancements, including a better understanding of the photodegradation mechanism, optimization of process parameters, and development of more efficient ZnO materials. Recent studies have shown that photodegradation of azo dyes using ZnO semiconductors can be controlled and enhanced through the manipulation of various parameters such as particle size, morphology, concentration, solution pH, and UV light intensity. Additionally, the use of additional catalysts and surface enhancement techniques has improved the photodegradation efficiency of ZnO.The practical implications of these advancements include the potential use of ZnO photodegradation technology in industrial wastewater treatment applications for textiles and dyes, which can help reduce the environmental impact of azo dye release. Furthermore, a better understanding of the factors influencing photodegradation efficiency can aid in designing more effective and energy-efficient systems for wastewater treatment. Thus, this review provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the fields of environmental chemistry and wastewater treatment technology.